{"id":9721,"date":"2024-01-11T11:35:14","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T10:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aboutriver.com\/?p=9721"},"modified":"2024-01-11T11:35:14","modified_gmt":"2024-01-11T10:35:14","slug":"do-the-great-lakes-feed-the-mississippi-river","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aboutriver.com\/do-the-great-lakes-feed-the-mississippi-river\/","title":{"rendered":"Do The Great Lakes Feed The Mississippi River"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Great Lakes and their Role as Feeders to the Mississippi River<\/h2>\n

The Great Lakes are an impressive group of five freshwater lakes in North America, and are an important part of the waterways in the U.S. and Canada. The Great Lakes—Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario—presently contain approximately 21 percent of the planet’s surface-freshwater. Spanning from the U.S.-Canadian border east of Minnesota to the St. Lawrence River in southern Quebec, the Great Lakes are very large in both a geographical and ecological sense.
\nThis vast freshwater resource is connected to the world’s third largest river, the Mississippi River, which begins in Minnesota and flows south to the Gulf of Mexico. The Great Lakes are considered a tributary of the Mississippi, particularly Lake Michigan, which is the main feeder into the Mississippi River Basin.
\nDespite their close proximity, the Great Lakes and Mississippi river systems remain hydrologically separated, thanks to their different levels. The Great Lakes sit at an elevation of about 600 feet above sea level, while the Mississippi rests at about 250 feet above sea level. This means that there is no natural flow of water from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi; instead, connections between the two major systems have been created by humans.<\/p>\n

Man-made Connections from Great Lakes to the Mississippi River<\/h2>\n

The Chicago Water System is the largest man-made connection between the two neighboring watersheds. Established in 1900, the system diverts water from the Chicago and Calumet rivers into Lake Michigan, allowing for a portion of the water to flow from the Great Lakes into the Mississippi River system via the St. Lawrence Seaway, a navigable land and water route system.
\nPrior to this man-made connection, the two watersheds were physically and naturally separated. This artificial connection has helped sustain economic growth in the city of Chicago, but has also stirred up some controversy regarding its ecological impacts.
\nHistorically speaking, the connection predates Chicago’s industrialization and population growth. In 1848, officials from the Michigan Territory opened a dam that allowed Great Lakes waters to flow freely into the Mississippi. This was done to lower the water levels of the lakes to make them easier to navigate and to facilitate the drainage of local marshlands.<\/p>\n

The Interconnectedness of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River<\/h2>\n

The two systems are interconnected, and their connection can affect the ecology and environment of both river systems. For example, the man-made Chicago Water System has an effect on water quality, hydrology, and water temperature of the Great Lakes as well as the Mississippi River.
\nWater quality of the two systems is a major area of concern, since the exchange of water means that any pollution of one system is likely to affect the other. For instance, contaminated waters from the Great Lakes can be transported to the Mississippi via the artificial canals, resulting in potential ecological harm.
\nIn archaeology, the connection between the two large rivers has had an impact in the form of the ‘Mississippi Tradition’, which includes the large sites of Cahokia and Moundville. Recent research suggests that these ancient mounds were created by people from the Great Lakes area, who brought their distinct cultural practices to the Mississippi region.<\/p>\n

The Benefits of the Interconnections<\/h2>\n

The connection between the two systems is beneficial in several ways. For starters, it supports the Great Lakes’ booming transportation industry, while also providing powerful economic advantages to cities and towns located along the rivers.
\nAdditionally, the connection helps keep both river systems balanced in terms of temperature and hydrology. This is beneficial both ecologically and economically, protecting animal species and fisheries located in both areas.<\/p>\n

The Impact of Global Warming on the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Connection<\/h2>\n