Environmental Damage
The Mississippi River is one of the seemingly most unproblematic rivers in the United States. However, if analyzed in terms of environmental issues, the river is far from healthy. The pollution of this great river has been increasing over the years due to agricultural and industrial runoff, as well as the ever-growing population along its banks that continues to depend on it for life. Evidence suggests that industries located along the river discharge toxic chemicals into the water, decreasing oxygen levels, killing fish and plant life, and playing havoc with the delicate ecosystem.
Waste from animal farming, petroleum products from shipping, oil and gas exploration, along with heavy metals and chemicals from industrial sites have had a significant impact on the health of the Mississippi. In addition, agricultural runoff, such as farm fertilizer and animal waste, can cause algae blooms which further deplete the oxygen levels and can, in turn, harm marine life.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) points out that since 1950 the Mississippi has lost 257 million acres of wetlands, making it one of the most heavily dammed and diverted rivers in the world. This has exacerbated the problem of pollution in the river, as the lack of vegetation and wetlands acts as a buffer zone, preventing the river from absorbing excess nutrients.
Economic Consequences
The health of the river is directly linked to the regional economy. The innumerable businesses, industries, and tourism that rely on the river are affected. In addition to the reduction of recreational activities, fishing and other water activities, the health of the Mississippi has far reaching consequences that affect both the local and the national economy.
The health of the Mississippi affects both agricultural production and fishing, two core components of the local economy. Low oxygen levels are causing a decrease in fertility in the water, causing a decline in the quality and quantity of fish, leading to losses for fishermen. Farmers also stand to lose out, as the nutrients deposited in the water from industrial and agricultural runoff can choke out crops and cause food insecurity.
Health Effects
The poor health of the river has serious implications for people living nearby and using the water as a food and drinking source. Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites contaminate the water, posing serious health risks. These contaminants include herbicides, pesticides, and nitrates which can cause serious illnesses such as gastrointestinal and nervous disorders, mouth and throat problems, allergies, skin irritations and even cancer in some cases.
Solutions
However, there is still hope and it is possible to reverse the damage done to the Mississippi River. Several organizations are actively working on solutions to eliminate pollution and improve the health of the river. The US EPA is working in collaboration with local authorities and organizations to reduce water pollution, conserve and restore wetlands, and increase public awareness of river health.
Local governments are taking action and conducting clean-up operations along the river in order to reduce the impact of industrial and agricultural runoff. Several initiatives have been created, such as the Mississippi Riverkeeper, River Network, and American Rivers, which are dedicated to restoring the health of the river.
Role of Citizens
Ultimately, the protection of the Mississippi is everyone’s responsibility, and each one of us can play an important role. Simple everyday habits, like minimizing the use of chemicals and minimizing water usage, can help to protect the river. We must also be mindful of the products we buy and how they are sourced, along with the importance of recycling and reducing waste. Finally, advocating for sustainable policies can help to keep the health of the Mississippi from further deterioration.
Funding
The Mississippi has been designated as a priority for federal and state funding for restoration efforts. The federal government has already committed over $2 billion for restoration and is expected to provide additional funds for the near future. The state has allocated $1.4 billion for wetland restoration, but much more needs to be done.
Legal Protection
Legal protection from overuse is also a priority. The US EPA is currently enforcing the Clean Water Act, a law designed to protect rivers and streams from contaminants. In addition, several states along the river have passed laws to regulate water quality and restrict the dumping of pollutants.
Monitoring
Monitoring is essential in order to assess the current health of the river, track the progress of the cleanup efforts and identify areas in need of improvement. In order to ensure that pollution levels are reduced, the EPA and local agencies are monitoring the river closely.
Biological Response
The biological response to the ongoing efforts to reduce pollution levels can also be monitored. The process of restoring the wetlands along the banks of the Mississippi is a good indicator of the health of the river. These projects have proven to be beneficial, providing wildlife protection and increasing water quality.
In conclusion, the health of the Mississippi River is of the utmost importance. Despite the fact that pollution levels have been reduced in the last few decades, a lot of work still needs to be done. By taking individual and collective action, we can address the current problem and prevent further damage.
