Overview of Mississippi
The Mississippi River is the largest river system in the United States, stretching from the northernmost tip of Minnesota, all the way to the delta and out into the Gulf of Mexico. It is the second longest river in the United States, and its drainage basin, which covers 31 states and as far away as Canada, sites over 40% of the United States’ population.
The Mississippi River has been a major part of U.S. history and culture for centuries, with the French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet becoming the first to travel down its length in 1673. It has since been used as an artery for merchandise and transportation, making it the ideal path for early-American expansion. Along the way, it has been romanticized by authors, musicians, and poets alike.
How Deep is the Mississippi River?
The average depth of the Mississippi River is 100 feet, but its depths can range anywhere from six feet at its shallowest point, to 230 feet at its deepest point.
The river is widest near its mouth, at the Gulf of Mexico. At this point, it is nearly a mile wide. As it travels further north up the Mississippi Delta, its width decreases, and its depth increases. Further north, in its river basin, the river can become quite shallow depending on the season, creating an obstacle for commercial boats due to changing water levels.
It’s deepest point is located in the Midwest, at the town of Genoa, Wisconsin. At 230 feet, this is twice as deep as the average depth. In certain areas, such as the St. Louis Harbor in Missouri, the river is 410 feet wide and only 30 feet deep. This shallow depth does not allow for the passage of larger river freight vessels, so the Port of St. Louis restricts the size of the boats allowed.
Mississippi River Ecology
The Mississippi River is an incredibly diverse ecosystem, with a variety of fish, aquatic plants, and bird species living in its waters. There are over 50 species of fish in the Mississippi, including the largemouth bass, catfish, and bluegill.
The river is also home to numerous species of frogs, turtles, and insects, as well as a variety of mammals, such as beavers, coyotes, and deer.
Due to the river’s varying depths and changing water levels, its ecosystem is constantly adapting and changing. Also, due to the nutrient-rich waters, it is considered one of the world’s top wetland ecosystems.
Human Activity and Effects on the Mississippi River
Human activity is the primary cause of environmental changes to the Mississippi River basin. Over the years, the effects of industrial development, agricultural runoff, and urban sprawl have caused a decrease in water quality and overall health of the river.
Furthermore, the construction of dams has caused sediment levels to increase, negatively impacting things such as water clarity, wetlands, and overall aquatic health.
The impact of human activity on the environment of the Mississippi River hasn’t gone unnoticed. Government initiatives and conservation projects have been put in place to help protect the river and its ecosystem, as well as to restore the areas that have been damaged.
Mississippi River Transportation
Transportation is one of the main uses of the Mississippi River. The river is used as an artery for commercial ships and vessels, carrying cargo, goods, and people from one destination to the next. The transportation sector is a large contributor to the economic health of the countless towns and cities located along the Mississippi.
There are numerous ports located along the river, including Memphis, Louisiana, and Davenport. These ports undergo billions of dollars each year in trade.
In recent years, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has worked to improve navigation on the Mississippi, widening and deepening certain areas to make navigation easier.
Mississippi River Pollution
The Mississippi River has some of the highest levels of pollution in the United States. The majority of this pollution is a result of runoff from agricultural and industrial activity, as well as urban sprawl.
The pollutants in the river also come from sewage and hazardous waste, oil spills, and other industrial activities, including chemical and fertilizer runoff. These pollutants often make their way into the Gulf of Mexico, where they can cause a number of environmental and health concerns.
The government has taken steps to help reduce the levels of pollution in the Mississippi, such as tightening regulations and standards, as well as implementing methods to help reduce runoff and other sources of pollution.
Mississippi River Wildlife
Wildlife in the Mississippi River basin is abundant, with over 300 species of birds, numerous fish species, and countless plants and animals. The basin is also an important stopover for migrating birds, and home to a variety of reptiles and amphibians.
In recent years, populations of certain species, such as the American eel and the pallid sturgeon, have been on the decline due to habitat destruction and pollution.
The Mississippi is also home to endangered species, such as the West Indian manatee and the pallid bat. Government conservation efforts have been put in place to protect such species and their habitats.
Mississippi River Recreation
The Mississippi is a favorite destination for water activities such as fishing, boating, swimming, and canoeing. The thousands of miles of rivers and streams provide a wealth of opportunity for fun and adventure.
The river is also a popular destination for bird-watchers, who come to observe the hundreds of species of birds that make their homes on the rivers. Moreover, camping, hiking, and kayaking are all popular activities along the Mississippi River.
The thousands of acres of natural beauty along the river attract millions of visitors each year, making the Mississippi River one of the top tourist destinations in the country.
Conclusion
The Mississippi River is one of the most iconic rivers in the United States. It has a rich and storied past, and its importance to American history can not be overstated.
From its roaring rapids, to its countless wildlife species, the Mississippi River is an incredible spectacle and a testament to the beauty of nature. Whether you’re looking for a leisurely stroll, or an adventure, the Mississippi River has something for everyone.
