The Exploration of the Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is one of the most important rivers in the United States, flowing a course of 2,350 miles from its source in northern Minnesota to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico. The length and breadth of this river has been a source of exploration and route of commerce since the earliest days of American exploration. The river played a prominent role in the expansion and growth of the American colonies and has been a site of historic encounters and events. There are varied theories about how, when and why the United States gained exclusive sovereignty over the river, but here we explore some of the key events and influence of the Mississippi River throughout American history.
Trade and Colonization
One of the earliest settlers to explore the Mississippi River for trade and colonization opportunities was Hernando DeSoto. He and his men explored south from the Illinois area, through modern-day Louisiana and Mississippi, following the waterways to the Gulf of Mexico. As a result, Spanish exploration and colonization of the area became prominent, as well as the establishment of a major mission system in the lower Mississippi Valley. For the French, ownership of the Mississippi River was a sign of domination in the New World, allowing them to expand their fur trade empire into the Louisiana Territory.
The Louisiana Purchase
In 1803, the Louisiana Territory was purchased by the United States from France. As a result, sovereignty over the entire Mississippi River became fully vested in the United States for the first time. The purchase not only expanded the borders of the United States but also gave the government control over an important waterway for navigating goods. This enabled entrepreneurs to export and trade from the river banks, bringing commerce and industry to the region in dramatic ways.
In 1845, the United States gained exclusive rights to the navigation of the Mississippi River from the Republic of Texas, which had previously claimed rights of sovereignty to the river. This was a pivotal turning point in United States ownership of the Mississippi River. As a result of this agreement, the two powers recognized jointly owned navigation rights to the river, with the United States having fully sovereign access to the length of the route.
Steamboats Along the River
In the mid-nineteenth century, the steamboat transformed the Mississippi River and made it the lifeblood of trade and commerce throughout the region. During this period, settlers travelled up and down the river, bringing wares to docks and plantations. Steamboats were one of the primary ways that finished goods were sent to New Orleans, and the entire Mississippi River area experienced an economic boom as a result.
Military Involvement
The Mississippi River also played a major role in several key military engagements during American history. Most notably, the Battle of New Orleans, fought in 1815, was fought along the lines of the Mississippi River with British troops attempting to invade along the route. This battle was the last major engagement of the War of 1812 and marked the United States’ ability to secure the Mississippi River from outside powers.
Political Control
The United States’ control of the Mississippi River was not fully secure until 1817, when the Adams-Onís Treat was ratified between the United States and the Spanish monarchy. This treaty established the Mississippi River as a territorial boundary between the two powers, which effectively solidified the United States’ full control of the vital waterway.
The Impact of the Mississippi River on American History
The Mississippi River has been an integral part of American history and continues to play an important role in modern-day society. From its importance in trade and commerce to the pivotal role it played in granting the United States exclusive access to its waters, the Mississippi River has been an important influence throughout the history of the country.
Environmental Impact of The Mississippi River
Today, the Mississippi River continues to shape the environment of the United States. As a result, river navigation, water usage and other activities take place that can affect the course of the river. For example, large agricultural developments along the banks of the Mississippi River have caused erosion, water quality concerns and other environmental implications.
Conservation Projects
In order to protect the ecosystem of the Mississippi River and its surrounding environment, numerous conservation projects have been implemented. Many of these projects aim to reduce pollution and address the impacts of water usage, with the long-term goal of protecting the quality of the Mississippi River for generations to come.
Land Conservation and Preservation
In recent years, the Mississippi River has been at the forefront of land conservation and preservation efforts across the United States. Numerous organizations, nonprofits and government agencies have worked to protect and preserve the river, which is home to a variety of ecosystems, flora and fauna.
Recreational Uses of the River
The Mississippi River is also a popular destination for recreational travelers, with a wide range of activities available. Boating, fishing, hiking and camping are just some of the activities available on the river, providing travelers with a chance to experience the beauty and history of the region.
Cultural Significance
Beyond its recreational, environmental and political importance, the Mississippi River has a deep cultural significance. From literature written about the region to songs and art inspired by the waterways, the Mississippi River remains an enduring symbol of American spirit and exploration for many people.
