Background & Statistics
Much of the continental United States is split into two by the Mississippi River; the eastern states and the western states, highlighting a distinct separation between the two. Although the river itself has shifted significantly over the years and further development has caused changes to the exact boundaries, this has long been the case. For this article, the states which are wholly west of the Mississippi River are the focus; the 24 which make this the case.
The states that are completely located on the other side of the Mississippi River from the majority of America are California, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Colorado, known colloquially as the ‘Western US’. In these states, there is an even spread of population, although the population is generally concentrated around the urban areas, such as Los Angeles and Phoenix, Arizona. Combined, the states of the western US are home to nearly 34 million people; approximately 10.5% of the total US population.
The history of the states which make up the West is equally varied. Most states were acquired during the mid-19th Century and were part of the Mexican Cession which followed the Mexican-American War. Additionally, several of the western states were firstly organized as territories before became fully acknowledged and autonomous states of the United States.
Culture & Identity
The cultural heritage of the western United States is extensive and rich with diversity. In part, due to the influx of immigrants during the mid-20th Century; principally from Asia and East Asia. Each state is distinct in its own regard, with California and Arizona for example home to large Hispanic populations. Culturally, the western US is known for its independent spirit, often in stark contrast to the much more orthodox and conservative views of other regions in the country.
Cultural aspects from this region of the US are expansive. From the Zia symbol of New Mexico which is seen in the state flag to the ‘Evergreen State’ Washington, there is a wide selection of unique culture and identity in the western United States. Additionally, wide-open deserts, seismic activity and its proximity to the Pacific enhance the cultural experience.
Industry & Employment
The western US is home to a plethora of industries and many areas of employment. The service industry is a large contributor due to the large number of tourists that come to witness the beauty of the area every year. The recreational sector is especially prominent due to its undoubtedly attractive environment, with skiing and hiking popular draws for many.
In terms of more traditional industries, most states are abundant in agricultural and extraction sources. These include crop farming, ranching and mining. Rocky Mountain industries focus mainly around the mining of precious metals and gold. Many parts of the West, especially in California and Arizona, have significant production of cotton, rice, and a variety of fruits and nuts. Additionally, several states have significant oil and gas reserves, which are highly desirable due to their potential for the production of energy.
Tourism & Environment
Tourism is by-far the largest industry in the western US, and with good reason. Traversing the region, visitors cannot help but be enthralled by the beautiful landscape and numerous national parks. From the Redwood Forest in California to Yellowstone in Wyoming, the vistas serve as captivating reminders as to why so many find themselves in awe of the stunning environment.
Perhaps the most iconic geographic feature of the western US is the Rocky Mountains, a magnificent physical feature integral to the region and indeed, the wider US. This mountain range provides a source of adventure and exploration for many locals and visitors. Ski resorts and breathtaking hikes provide entertainment for the tourists and a unique escape for those fortunate enough to call themselves local.
Economy & Government
The western United States is a prosperous region, with a strong and stable economy. Despite the current global economic turmoil and the effects this has had on certain parts of the region, the western US has remained resilient and is continuing to grow.
The methods of government in the western US differ widely due to the large number of independent states in the region. This means that each state is responsible for its own governmental affairs and specific state laws are applicable in certain states, so it is important to research prior to travelling. Generally though, it is fair to say that the western US is the most economically progressive of all the regions in the US, with a higher-than-average household income and greater emphasis on public welfare.
Energy & Education
The west is also home to many energy production sites and energy reserves. States such as Wyoming, Colorado and Utah are all abundant with coal, oil and natural gas. Similarly, New Mexico has been undergoing a range of solar energy projects, working towards a cleaner, more environmentally friendly state.
Education is also a priority in the western US. Most states have high-quality public schools, although private and charter schools are typically available alternatives. Similarly, college expenditure and higher-education opportunities are widespread and abundant, and most states contribute significantly to the development and funding of colleges and universities.
Sport & Recreation
Team sports are popular in the western US, with professional Football (American), baseball, hockey and basketball teams all boasting major fan-bases in the region. Attendance at these games is usually high and the atmosphere, especially in basketball, is typically electric.
In terms of outdoor recreation, the west is second to none. Hunting, sport fishing and horseback riding are all popular due the wide-open space and the expansive possibilities. Cycling and running are also popular, with a wide variety of trails and landscapes to explore and enjoy.
Connectivity & Cost of Living
In terms of connectivity and transport, there are limited railway options due to the significant infrastructure, however, many of the major cities offer efficient and affordable public transport systems. Similarly, for those travelling further afield, numerous internal US flights link the region together, making weekend adventures and road-trips a possibility.
Finally, the cost of living is varied and fluctuates from city to city. Generally speaking though, many of the larger cities, such as San Francisco and Denver, are experiencing an increased cost of living due to their popularity. In contrast, more rural areas and small towns can offer a similar standard of living but at a more reasonable cost.
Covid-19 & A Future Outlook
The western United States has been dramatically affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in states like California, Oregon and Washington. As a result, the economy has taken a hit, tourism has plummeted and businesses have had to shift to a ‘virtual model’. As such, the effects of the pandemic are likely to have a long-term effect on the region and it is as yet unsure how quickly the region will recover.
In terms of a future outlook, although the Covid-19 crisis is likely to have a lasting impact on the region, it is likely that the West will continue to be the prosper and attract people from across the US in search of a better life. With its abundance of natural beauty and a wide variety of cultural experiences, there is no doubt that the western US will remain a desirable place to reside for many years to come.
