The Mississippi River is an iconic symbol of America’s past and the nation’s future potential. Spanning a staggering 2,340 miles in length and traveling through 10 states, it’s the second longest river in the USA. It’s beloved for its cultural and economic contributions, and is also cherished for its natural beauty. The Mississippi River starts in northern Minnesota, just north of the city of Minneapolis, in Lake Itasca. From there, it flows southeast through the state of Wisconsin, then south through the states of Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Arkansas, eventually reaching its depths in the Gulf of Mexico.
The Upper Mississippi Valley
The Upper Mississippi Valley is characterized by mild, four-season climate and lush, green foliage. Its waters are generally shallow (less than 20 feet in most places), making it an especially popular destination for paddlers and fishermen. This region is home to many of the species of birds and fish that live in the Mississippi River, and it is common to spot bald eagles, ospreys, and other wildlife along the river’s banks. It is here that many travelers turn to visit the historic Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge, or the plucky river town of La Crosse, Wisconsin.
The Central Mississippi Valley
Ascending to the central Mississippi Valley, the river’s waters deepen, as do the opportunities to experience its cultural treasures. The central Mississippi is often referred to as the “Heartland of America” due to the agricultural activity and its numerous towns and cities. Popular destinations here include St. Louis, with its iconic arch and vibrant cityscape; Memphis, a culturally diverse city with legendary attractions such as Graceland and Beale Street; and Vicksburg, Mississippi, site of the Civil War’s Battle of Vicksburg.
The Lower Mississippi Valley
The bustling Lower Mississippi Valley is home to a bevy of unique experiences, from the Mississippi Delta to the Atchafalaya Basin. It’s here that the river fully transitions from a serene and placid waterway to a wide and intensely powerful current. The bayous of Louisiana meander through the state’s dense swamps and wetlands, the city of New Orleans captivates visitors with its lively French Quarter and unparalleled nightlife, and Biloxi’s casinos and beaches attract thousands of visitors each year.
Impact of Human Interactions on the Mississippi River
The impact of human activities on the Mississippi River is undeniable. River travel along the Mississippi has been disrupted by construction of dams and levees to manage the ice floes that form each winter and spring. The river’s seasonal flooding has been managed, as well, in an effort to protect shorelines and densely populated cities. Industrialization has taken a heavy toll on the health of the river, both in terms of pollution and other disruptions to its natural ecosystem. Yet, while greater protection of the river’s environment is necessary in order to preserver its splendor, the Mississippi remains a beloved symbol of America.
Protection of Fauna and Flora along the Mississippi River
A host of fauna and flora line the banks of the Mighty Mississippi – from fish, deer, beaver and other small animals, to plants and trees such as quaking aspens, black walnuts, and river birch. The Mississippi River is also home to numerous endangered species, such as the pallid sturgeon and the bald eagle. As such, scientists and conservationists are striving to protect these species and ensure their habitats will remain for future generations. Different government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency, are leading this initiative and are developing plans that focus on reducing the pollution levels and other impacts of human activities on the Mississippi River.
Effects of Climate Change on the Mississippi River
The effects of climate change are increasingly being observed in the Mississippi River in terms of rising water levels, delayed spring floods, and higher temperatures. Warmer air means increased evaporation, and as a result, some areas along the river experience extended periods of drought. These changes are a cause of great concern, as they can alter water levels and disrupt traditional agriculture that depends on regular flooding to replenish soils. In response, the leaders of the Mississippi River states have joined forces to develop strategies that will protect their citizens and the environment.
Economy Contributed By the Mississippi River
The economic contributions of the Mississippi River are unique and considerable. It’s an indispensible pan of America’s infrastructure for shipping, manufacturing, and tourism. The river is also part of a vast “green infrastructure” network of wetlands and floodplains that produce clean energy and absorb pollutants. Meanwhile, the many scenic routes attract scores of visitors each year, drawn in for the opportunity to traverse the countryside, fish, camp, and kayak. And with barge traffic ever increasing, the river’s role as a highway of commerce has never been more necessary.
Environmental Challenges Faced by the Mississippi River
The Mississippi River faces a host of environmental challenges, the most pressing of which is pollution. The river’s 2,340-mile course is exposed to a variety of sources, including agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and damaged wildlife habitats. Other concerns include water shortages, soil erosion, and invasive species, all of which impede the river’s health. As population centers along the river continue to grow and industrialization continues, these problems can become even harder to solve. To ensure the long-term health of the Mississippi River, a comprehensive environmental management plan is needed.
Solutions to Ensure the Long-term Health of the Mississippi River
In order to ensure the long-term health of the Mississippi River, it is important for both individuals and governments to take action. Sustainable land and water management practices are key components of developing a successful environmental management plan. Additionally, individuals can donate to conservation organizations and support green energy initiatives. Lastly, stricter regulations on industrial pollutants and agricultural runoff may be needed to ensure the health and longevity of the Mississippi River. With both individual and collective efforts, we can work together to safeguard America’s natural treasures.
