The Mississippi River is a vast system of rivers, representing one of the world’s most diverse and significant habitats. Overpowered by the majestic river, it is difficult to believe that more than 300 species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and aquatic invertebrates call the Mississippi River home. These creatures, as well as hundreds of plant species, represent a large portion of the rich diversity of life found in Minnesota and the rest of North America.
The Mississippi River’s animal population reflects the multiple habitats lining its banks; from forests, wetlands, and grasslands to woodlands and shallow upriver. Near the headwaters, minnows and crayfish inhabit the cold, clean waters. As the water flows downstream, the warmer temperatures support largemouth bass, sunfish and catfish. Common reptile and amphibian species, such as snakes, turtles, and frogs make up much of the riverside wildlife. Further downstream, riverside areas can provide suitable habitat for bald eagles, muskrats, mink and otters.
The species of plants that grow near the river can also tell a great deal about the water’s health. Algae, moss, and cattails are found in abundance along the banks, and in deep waters, grasses, sedges, and aquatic flowers can be found. Additionally, bottom-dwelling plants, like wild celery and pondweed, can be found in deeper portions of the river, providing food and shelter for the aquatic life.
The health of the Mississippi River is the lifeblood of an entire ecosystem, and for centuries, native Americans have relied on its resources for sustenance and livelihood. Today, the river remains important for recreational activities, drinking water, and agricultural and industrial use. Despite being heavily impacted by a growing population, it is encouraging to see efforts being made to protect the Mississippi River’s species and habitats. Such conservation efforts are vital to the protection of an incredible bounty.
Pollution in the Mississippi River
The biggest threat to the animals and plants living in the Mississippi River and its surrounding habitat is pollution. Urban runoff and agricultural runoff are some of the most common sources of pollution. Heavy metals, oils, and fertilizers all make their way into the river, leading to an imbalance in the delicate ecosystem.
This imbalance in the ecosystem leads to a decrease in the number of species, an increase in population size of species that can tolerate the polluted river, and a decrease in the number of species that cannot tolerate the pollutions, such as rare species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and aquatic plants. In addition to the loss of species, the pollutants can harm the animals living in the river and their habitat.
The long-term effects of this kind of pollution are far-reaching and can be felt not just in the Mississippi River, but also downstream and in other freshwater systems throughout the region. In order to prevent this kind of pollution from reaching the Mississippi River, conservationists are recommending stricter regulations on agricultural and urban runoff in the area.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Mississippi River
The effects of global climate change on the Mississippi River have been noted, and scientists have observed various changes in weather patterns since the 1950s. These changes have caused decreased river flows, elevated temperatures, and higher acidity. These changes in environment have had a considerable effect on the habitats within the river and its tributaries.
High water temperatures are particularly detrimental to the aquatic life in the river and can lead to a decrease in the number of species, or the extinction of a species. Similarly, river flows that deviate from the average rate, either too high or too low, can throw off the delicate balance of the species living in the river, which can lead to all but the most resilient species succumbing to their environmental pressures.
Conservationists are now pushing for a decrease in fossil fuel dependence and an increase in renewable energy sources. Organizations are working to minimize the impacts of climate change on the Mississippi River, as well as its inhabitants. Policymakers are being urged to implement policy measures that help reduce the environmental impacts of global climate change.
Restoration Efforts of the Mississippi River
Restoration efforts have been in place along the length of the Mississippi River since the early 1900s. These efforts began in response to the destruction of fish populations and the river’s once abundant aquatic plant communities. In response, hundreds of dams, channels, and lakes have been created to restore the river to its former health.
The last few decades have seen a big increase in the number of species living in the Mississippi River. Aquatic species have been reintroduced to the river, and aquatic plants are once again growing in abundance. Although this has been encouraging for conservationists, the number of species is still not close to what it was prior to the river’s degradation.
Organizations and agencies are continuing to dedicate resources to restoring the strength of the Mississippi River. Non-profit organizations, such as The Nature Conservancy, are working to re-establish wetlands and restore water quality. At the same time, government agencies, like the US Army Corps of Engineers, are building dams and levees to help reduce flooding. Together, the work of these organizations is helping to improve the overall health of the Mississippi River.
The Future of the Mississippi River
As the population living along the banks of the Mississippi River continues to grow, so does the need for sustainable management of the river’s resources. In order to protect the health of the river and its species, communities must come together to plan and implement changes that promote conservation and preservation. This means creating policies that protect the river and its wildlife, as well as educating citizens about the importance of the river to their livelihoods.
Land use practices, such as conservation tillage, have been successful in reducing sediment runoff, but more must be done. More focus must be put on improving water quality and protecting the fragile habitats along the banks. Efforts must also focus on preventing the destruction of wetlands and re-establishing these important ecosystems to their former glory.
The Mississippi River has been home to a diverse and abundant wildlife since it first formed, and with the right management and conservation efforts, it can continue to thrive. Conservation organizations, government agencies, and citizens must come together to preserve the incredible species and habitats of the Mississippi River not only for the current generations, but for generations to come.
Environmental Education
Educating future generations about the importance of the Mississippi River and its species is crucial for the continued protection of this incredible habitat. Through environmental education, young people can learn about the connections between species, the importance of restoring degraded habitats, and the issues surrounding human activities that impact the river’s ecosystems.
Additionally, environmental education programs can help to raise public awareness of the importance of the river and its species, and help create a public that is willing to take part in conservation efforts. By helping to grow a generation of environmentally conscious citizens, it is hoped that the future of the Mississippi River will be one of continued restoration, conservation, and preservation.
Conclusion
As one of the most diverse and significant habitats in the world, protecting the Mississippi River and its habitats is essential for the future of our planet. Hundreds of species of animals and plant life call this river home, and as the population living along its banks grows, the need for sustainable management of the river and its resources grows with it. Through conservation efforts, environmental education programs, and stricter regulations, the Mississippi River and its inhabitants can continue to thrive for generations to come.
