The Yenisei River is the largest river system in Siberia, and is fed by the Angara, Selenga, Tuba and Nizhnyaya Tunguska rivers, among others. Known by several local names and the meaning of which varies across the area, the Yenisei River is a major source of hydroelectricity, fisheries, and transportation in the region. In both length and water discharge, the Yenisei is comparable to the enormous Amazon River and even bigger than the sacred Nile of Egypt.
Beginning in the heart of the Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve in Southern Yakutia, Russia, the Yenisei flows North, East and North-East, crawling across the top of Russia, towards the Arctic. As it passes through several beautiful Russian cities, such as Krasnoyarsk and Igarka, the Yenisei River pauses briefly in the enormous Lake Baikal before continuing its journey Northward. Before eventually spilling into the Arctic Ocean and merging with the Lena River, the Yenisei River empties into the Kara Sea. Along its path, the Yenisei River has a total length of 3,464 miles (5,572 kilometers).
In addition to their roles as one of Siberia’s main waterways, the Yenisei River is a major source of transportation, fishing, and hydroelectricity. With over 6,060 miles (9,740 kilometers) of navigable waterways, the Yenisei is a crucial economic lifeline for the region. Historically, the Yenisei River also acted as a major transportation network, connecting the interior of Russia to Arctic sea routes.
The fishing industry of the Yenisei River is both ancient and flourishing. Local populations have been fishing the waters of the Yenisei River for centuries, and it remains the largest wild salmon fishery in the world. The diverse river environment also provides a habitat for a variety of other fish species, such as sturgeon, grayling, and taimen.
Finally, the vast hydroelectric potential of the Yenisei River is also harnessed to generate power, meeting the energy demands of the region. The hulking Krasnoyarsk Dam, constructed in the late 1970’s, impounds the vast waters of the Yenisei, while the Irkutsk Dam, built in the late 1950’s, has the capacity to generate over 6,000 megawatts.
Environmental Issues
In recent years, the Yenisei River has been polluted by the industrial practices at its source, the Krasnoyarsk dam. The discharge of untreated industrial and agricultural chemicals and radioactive material into the Yenisei has placed the river and its surroundings in danger. It has also caused significant damage to the ecosystem, reducing fish supplies and ruining the water quality.
The local government of the region has been working hard to reduce the environmental impact of its activities on the river. Efforts in recent years have included the construction of special treatment facilities and meeting the need for wastewater treatment. However, the severe damage to the river ecosystem may take years to restore.
Sights and Culture
The Yenisei River is remarkable for its diverse landscapes. It is an obvious source of inspiration for locals and visitors alike. As the river passes through powerful rapids and breathtaking waterfalls, it also offers lush valleys and forests, a sanctuary for animals and birds alike.
The locals also draw inspiration from the majestic beauty of the river. With many spiritual sites and religious shrines, they also celebrate their unique traditions along the river. Every summer, on the same day and time, locals gather to celebrate the rising of the sun over the Yenisei.
Exploration and Recreation
Exploration and recreational activities along the length and breadth of the Yenisei River are an immensely popular pastime. From sailing, swimming and fishing to kayaking and whitewater rafting, numerous outdoors activities have been developed in recent decades. For thrill-seekers, the Yenisei also offers opportunities for incredible adventures, enough to last a lifetime.
The Yenisei River is also a major draw for photographers and scientists, who travel to the area to admire and observe its rare fauna and flora. Bird watchers are also drawn to this area, amazed by its great diversity of species and landscapes. One cannot experience the real beauty of the Yenisei without a genuine appreciation for the power and magic of mother nature.
Modern Development and Dangers
The modern development of the river has presented several dangers that should not be overlooked. In order to expand their production, enterprises in the region have begun to over-exploit the Yenisei. Industries have also built bridges and dams along the course of the river, severely disturbing local animal and plant life.
It has also been observed that recent climate change has been affecting the Yenisei River ecosystem. Experts have predicted that, if left unchecked, global warming will cause more floods, droughts and increased air temperature in the surrounding area. This could have detrimental effects on the local wildlife and water supplies.
The Future of the Yenisei River
There is no doubt that the Yenisei River is a source of life for the region, and yet it is being pushed to its very limits. With thoughtful and well-planned action, it is possible for the river and its surrounding environment to survive. Local governments must come together and cooperate to ensure the ecological health and economic prospects of the region.
The only way to guarantee long-term success is to continue working towards protecting this special environment from the outside forces that are placing it at risk. The Yenisei River deserves our respect and admiration, as well as our sustainability efforts.
